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By Emeka Maduewesia
66 AD
The First Jewish–Roman War began in 66 AD during the twelfth year of the reign of Nero. It originated from the oppressive rule of Roman governors, the widening gaps between the wealthy aristocracy and the downtrodden masses, and Roman and Jewish religious tensions. The crisis escalated due to anti-taxation protests and clashes between Jews and pagans in mixed cities. The Jews, no longer safe and protected by the Roman government, formed a Judean provisional government led by former High Priest Ananus ben Ananus, Joseph ben Gurion and Joshua ben Gamla. Yosef ben Matityahu (Josephus) was appointed as the rebel commander in Galilee and Eleazar ben Hanania as the commander in Edom.
70 AD
The Roman general Vespasian was given four legions and tasked by Nero to crush the rebellion. Assisted by forces of King Agrippa II, Vespasian invaded Galilee in 67, and within several months had claimed the major Jewish strongholds of Galilee, Jodapatha and Tarichaea.
In 69, Vespasian marched on Rome and crowned himself as emperor, leaving Titus to besiege Jerusalem. Following a brutal seven-month siege, during which Zealot infighting resulted in the burning of the entire food supplies of the city, the Romans finally succeeded in breaching the defenses and sacking Jerusalem in 70.
The Roman suppression of the revolt had a significant impact on the local population, with many Jews perishing in battle, displaced, or being sold into slavery. The temple of Jerusalem and much of the city was destroyed by fire and the Jewish community was thrown into turmoil by the devastation of its political and religious leadership.
1966 AD
In January 1966, a group of young military officers overthrew Nigeria's government. According to the coup speech, “Our enemies are the political profiteers, the swindlers, the men in high and low places that seek bribes and demand 10 percent; those that seek to keep the country divided permanently so that they can remain in office as ministers or VIPs at least, the tribalists, the nepotists, those that make the country look big for nothing before international circles, those that have corrupted our society and put the Nigerian political calendar back by their words and deeds.”
Six months later, a counter-coup by Northern Nigerian Army officers commenced. In this counter coup, 240 Southern members of the army, three-quarters of them Igbo, were killed. This was followed by a series of massacres Igbo people starting in May 1966 and reaching a peak in September 1966. The massacres were led by the Nigerian Army and were replicated in various Nigerian cities outside the Eastern Region. Over 30,000 Igbos were killed. The pogroms led to the mass movement of Igbos back to Eastern Nigeria. It is estimated that more than one million Igbos returned to the Eastern Region. The Igbos, no longer safe and protected by the Nigerian government declared their own nation called Biafra. Biafra represented the nationalist aspirations of the Igbo ethnic group, whose leadership felt they could no longer coexist with the federal government dominated by the interests of the Muslim Hausa-Fulani of Northern Nigeria. This declaration of Biafra ultimately led to the Nigeria-Biafra war.
June 1967 AD - Middle East
The Six-Day War or June War, also known as the 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states from June 5, 1967 – June 10, 1967.
July 1967 AD - Nigeria
The Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, was a civil war fought between Nigeria and the Republic of Biafra, a secessionist state which had declared its independence from Nigeria, from July 6, 1967 – January 15, 1970.
1970 AD
The war commenced in July 1967 and within a year, Nigerian government troops surrounded Biafra, and captured coastal oil facilities and the city of Port Harcourt. A blockade (siege) was imposed as a deliberate policy, which led to the mass starvation of Biafran civilians. There were about 100,000 overall military casualties. More than 2 million Igbos died of starvation. In 1970 AD, the war ended.
Results of the war
The suppression of the Igbo revolt had a significant impact on the local population. The war cost the Igbos a great deal in terms of lives, money and infrastructure. Only £20 was given to any Igbo adult regardless of the amount of money he or she had in the bank in pre-war Nigerian currency or Biafran currency. Boxed into the Igbo heartland in a state called East Central State, the Nigerian government implemented deliberate policies to stifle economic activities in Igboland, shutting down the Eastern Economic Corridor, and frustrating movement within the area with excessive police, paramilitary and military checkpoints. These policies caused the Igbos to disperse to other parts of Nigeria and the world.
The Judeans and Ndi Igbo, dispersed 1900 years apart, are the most diasporic people on earth today.
As Nigeria adopts the old National Anthem even as the Middle East burns, will history repeat itself? The signs are ominousðŸ˜ðŸ˜.
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